Topics in International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Topics in International Relations - Essay Example This policy of realism sufficed when confronted with the situation in World War II when Germany was expanding into other nations and exterminating the Jewish population. It was also effective at keeping the Cold War in check. Realism was the property of the right, and as such promoted free trade and ignored human rights and social structures (Barber 7). However, the new world of globalization presents transnational forces that have no borders and non-intervention is no longer practical. The post 9/11 thinking has shifted from sovereign territory to sovereign ideals. According to Barber, "Idealistic internationalism has become the new realism. We face not a paradigm shift but the occupation of an old paradigm by new tenants. Democratic globalists are quite abruptly the new realists while the old realism — especially in its embrace of markets — looks increasingly like a dangerous and utterly unrealistic dogma" (7). International intervention in an effort to reduce the thr eat has gained momentum over past thinking in terms of what constitutes power. Sudan is a country in Africa that borders Egypt in the North, the Red Sea, and Ethiopia to the East. It has been the victim of civil violence almost continually since its independence 5 decades ago (Sudan UNMIS). Much of the fighting has taken place in the Province of Darfur, though almost nowhere has been without heavy fighting. Since their independence in 1956, there have been several attempts at implementing a ceasefire with limited success. The fighting has been, for the most part, between "Government and the Sudan Peoples Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A), the main rebel movement in the south, fought over resources, power, the role of religion in the state, and self-determination" (Sudan UNMIS). Neighboring countries, fearful of the violence spilling over into their territories, have

Asian Economic Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Asian Economic Development - Essay Example To understand these would bring clarity to the phenomenal success of this unique and dazzling city-state. The early 19th century saw the British expanding their dominions in India. It was also the time of growing trade with China, primarily for the precious tea sought by the British market. The extensive route that British merchantmen had to follow led them into territorial waters dominated by the Dutch and their East Indies colonies in Malaya. Malay pirates also roamed the route which made the British feel isolated and their position precarious in the region. It was important for Britain to open a port that could refit, revitalize, and protect its merchant vessels. Aside from the need to secure their mercantile fleets and their cargo, Britain was also looking for ways to check Dutch expansion in Southeast Asia. Thus, The Governor-General of India, Lord Hastings, instructed Sir Stamford Raffles to establish a trading station on the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula. Raffles chose the island of Singapore (Flower 1984). Raffles thought of ways to establish British hold and attr... Thus, Singapore was snatched by the British from right under their noses. To attract traders which were already engaged in Dutch ports, he made Singapore into a free port. Traders could come and sell their goods without paying tariffs or taxes. This attracted Malay and Chinese tradesmen and all sorts of goods flooded into the island. Settlements grew and soon, free trade and strategic location transformed Singapore into a major centre for commerce in the region. Trade continued to flourish and what used to be a simple fishing grew as a free port espousing free trade, welcoming traders from all over the region. Singapore became a Crown colony after the Second World War in 1945. In 1959, it was granted self-government and joined Malaysia in September 1963. However, differences between leaders brought about separation and Singapore became an independent nation in 1965 (History of Singapore 2006). To date, Singapore's location, harbour and free port remain as its strong geographic advantages. With a small land area and population, the country is dependent on international trade which is much lager than its domestic market. In fact, as it recovered from the Asian financial crisis in 1988, its international trade was thrice its domestic earnings. This strength also proves to be its vulnerability, since its dependence on international trade also makes it sensitive to the fluctuations in the international market. As the country responds well to periods of growth and prosperity, minor negative developments in international trade can also result to major recessions in the Singaporean economy. Although domestic leadership and policies try to mitigate the effects of a constantly

Video Game Addiction Effects

Video Game Addiction Effects Technology is one of the major assets in todays world. Some human being living in this world surely uses technology in their everyday living. However, there are some disadvantages that lead to Video game addiction. First, excessive use of computer there are some instances that they dont want themselves to be involve in other social activities. Second is the demand for violence that it may arise because of an innate boy desire to witness violence, males are looking for strong role models, whom they find in these shows and games. They may isolate themselves in the way that they dont want to focus almost entirely in-game achievements rather than broader life events. The first possible cause is that in the hypothetical world created by such games, gamers become confident and gain satisfaction which they cannot get in the real world. Second, many video games satisfy the basic psychological needs like rewards, freedom and connection with other players and lastly, video games are becoming i ncreasingly complex, detailed and compelling to a growing international audience of players. There are lots of effects of video gaming upon children, the physical, emotional and in behavior. Some gamer dont care if they dont eat just to play, some are being aggressive due to the violent game and Compulsive behaviors are rooted in need to reduce tensions caused by inner feelings a person wants to avoid or control. Video Game Addiction Technology is one of the major assets in todays world. Some human being living in this world surely uses technology in their everyday living. Nowadays, technology does have many uses and advantages yet one cannot deny, it also has some disadvantages and one of this is video game addiction. Cause and effects of the video game addiction recommends some solutions Video Game Addiction is excessive or compulsive use of computer or video games that interferes with our daily life. Instances have been reported in which users play compulsively, isolating themselves from other forms of social contacts and focusing almost entirely in-game achievements rather than broader life events. (Retrieved June 25, 2007,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/video_game_addiction), and Studies have indicated that males play video games more frequently than females. Television program producers and video game manufacturers may produce violent shows and games for this audience. This demand for violence may not arise be cause of an innate male desire to witness violence, but because males are looking for strong role models, which they find in these shows and games (Clark, 1993).The video game industry has existed for decades and it has begun with William Higginbothams tennis for two oscilloscope, which has been debuted in 1958. Video gaming is worldwide phenomenon that has been developed into a multi-billion dollar industry. The three largest markets for video games are the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom. Other significant markets are Australia, Canada, Spain, Germany, South Korea, Mexico, France and Italy. India and China are considered as emerging markets in the Video Game industry.   There are some possible causes that are related to this addiction. The first possible cause is that in the hypothetical world created by such games, gamers become confident and gain satisfaction which they cannot get in the real world. Second, many video games satisfy the basic psychological needs like rewards, freedom and connection with other players and lastly, video games are becoming increasingly complex, detailed and compelling to a growing international audience of players. And since the problem is a relatively new phenomenon, the exact cause of game addiction is unknown. However, this addiction appears to be most common among younger male players. It may also have a cultural component. In South Korea, video games were recently blamed for the deaths of four young men. One died after playing Star craft for 50 hours with few breaks. A four-month old baby also died after her parents left her unattended to play World of War craft. (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4137782.stm ) There are also some negative effects. First is that it displaces physical activity and the time spent upon studies, with friends and even with family. Psychiatrists are concerned about the wellbeing of children who spend much of their time with video games that they may not develop friendships, get some outdoor exercise or suffer in their schoolwork. For sure that a child who spends most of his time playing video games may be prone to violence and may be at risk for behavioral and other health problems. Second is an increase in physical, emotional and behavioral disorder. Among mental health professionals, there are those who maintain that in playing video games, certain children can develop a sense of proficiency which they might not otherwise achieve. However, other authorities speculate that performing violent actions in video games may be more conducive to childrens aggression than passively watching violent acts on television. According to this view, the more children practice v iolence acts, the more likely they are to perform violent acts (Clark, 1993). Some educational professionals, while allowing that video games permit children to engage in a somewhat creative dialogue, maintain that this engagement is highly constrained compared to other activities, such as creative writing (Provenzo, 1992) A problem shared by those who rate violence in television and video games is that the definition of violence is necessarily subjective. Given this subjectivity, raters have attempted to assess antisocial violence more accurately by ranking violent acts according to severity, noting the context in which violent acts occur, and considering the overall message as pro- or anti- violence. However, the factor of context is typically missing in video games. There are no grey areas in the behavior of game characters, and players are rarely required to reflect or make contextual judgments (Provenzo, 1992).Among mental health professionals, there are those who maintain that in playing video games, certain children can develop a sense of proficiency which they might not otherwise achieve. Ratings of video game violence have developed as an extension of ratings of television violence. Among those organizations that have attempted to rate television violence, the National Coalition on Television Violence (NCTV) has also developed a system to rate the violent content of video games. The NCTV system contains ratings that range from XUnfit and XV (highly violent) to PG and G ratings. Between summer and Christmas of 1989, NCTV surveyed 176 Nintendo video games. Among the games surveyed, 11.4% received the XUnfit rating. Another 44.3% and 15.3% received the other violent ratings of XV and RV, respectively. A total of 20% of games received a PG or G rating (NCTV, 1990).Some educational professionals, while allowing that video games permit children to engage in a somewhat creative dialogue, maintain that this engagement is highly constrained compared to other a ctivities, such as creative writing (Provenzo, 1992) Excessive use of video games may have some or all of the symptoms of drug addiction or other proposed psychological addictions. Some players become more concerned with their interactions in the game than in their broader lives. Players may play many hours per day, gain or lose significant weight due to playing, disrupt sleep patterns to play and suffer sleep deprivation as an effect, play at work, avoid phone calls from friends and/or lie about play time. Relationships with family and friends and performance at work or school may suffer (Tanner, 2007). In the world of video game addiction theres an increasing evidence that people of all ages, especially teens and pre-teens, are facing very real, sometimes severe consequences associated with the excessive use of video games .Most adolescents like to spend their free time playing video games. But for some who starts out as innocent recreation can lead to addiction. Soon, friends, family, schools, and eve personal hygiene are neglected as nearly every spare moment is spent playing the game. When I first saw the game of my best friends I asked them curiously How to play that kind of game? because I dont really know how to play Depends of the Ancients commonly called DOTA I was a third year student when I had been influence by my best friends to play such game, since the day Ive watched them play, I was tempted to play too, it just looks like interesting and funà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦At first its really hard for me to learn that game, first of all we dont have computer at home. But, I learned f rom my companion because, in every time they play, I play too, even Im not as good as them. Since then I always play without realizing that Im playing too much, wasting time just playing. But Im not that kind of addict that can neglect their friends, family school and especially personal hygiene. I just play when I have nothing to do and I can even manage my time regularly. Even now, I just play whenever I have nothing to do such as schoolworks. It just happen before because when you are playing, you just can forget the things that you need to do first before playing and the feeling, its really different when youre playing the excitement, eagerness to win etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦According to Websters Dictionary, an addictive behavior allows a person to become dependent or compulsively obsessed with anything. Compulsive behaviors are rooted in need to reduce tensions caused by inner feelings a person wants to avoid or control. This fantasy world allows endless opportunities to the gam er to keep feeding their addiction, said Schaperow. It is not the game that is the problem; it is other problems in their lives that they cannot control. The game allows the person to escape from reality and take control of the fantasy world. Treatment for the disorder varies, however most therapists and professionals agree that the root of the problem is to find the progressive reasoning in the mind and create a solution. It involves recognizing unhelpful or destructive patterns of thinking and reacting, said Schaperow, then modifying or replacing these with more realistic or helpful.Scahperow said the video game addict should first recognize their problem, then they can replace the negative feelings that steer them toward the video games and progressively escape into a more positive reality. Schaperow gave the example of a person who has a negative outlook on their job and feels that they cannot ever perform at a high level. If that person instead, thinks it is possible, their con fidence will be restored to a higher level, allowing that person to see life different, and ultimately not need to escape to a reality world. (http://www.theparentreport.com/resources/ages/preteen/kids_culture/130.html) There are certain solutions regarding video game addiction. First, limit the time spent online. With unlimited access to the internet 24 hours a day, stopping an addiction is nearly impossible. Take the computer out of their rooms. Move the computer shared room so that you can see how much time they are spending online and much better to monitor their habits.

Heaneys Mid-Term Break, Clarkes Baby Sitting and Jonsons On My First

Heaney's Mid-Term Break, Clarke's Baby Sitting and Jonson's On My First Sonne all deal with unhappy reflections about human loss, isolation distress and the harsh reality of life. The poems concerned in this essay mirror notions of human importance and bonds. Heaney's 'Mid-Term Break', Clarke's 'Baby Sitting' and Jonson's 'On My First Sonne' all deal with unhappy reflections about human loss, isolation distress and the harsh reality of life. All of these poems are written in first person narrative voice, with honest blunt diction, allowing us to understand their pain by the relation some people have with the issues raised in each of the poems. The main themes of the poems are Parental roles, childhood and relationships. The triplet of poems all deal with unhappy reflections about human loss, isolation and distress and are written in the first person narrative which allows us to make their pain seem very real by a creation of Pathos. Thematically, Heaney and Jonson explore the abrupt and painful loss of a family member. Heaney is forced to grow up and endure th...

Workplace health and safety. In Queensland (Australia)

Effective health and safety in the working places is very essential in successful running of a business. Ensuring that employees have the correct working environment forms the main recipe for their effective production and overall sustainability of an enterprise. This has been necessitated by the policies frameworks and ethical demands that indicate intrinsic consideration of the employees and staff by the management and authorities (Barling, Loughlin, and Kelloway, 2002). Application of management’s policies, strategic plans and enforcement of change being entirely dependent on the staff and employees for success, it is important to accord them the best operation platform for the same goals realization. The demand for safety in the workplaces has risen drastically since the onset of the industrial revolution prompting strict policies and regulations to guard the sanctity and integrity of the people. This essay explores Work Place Health and Safety in Queensland Australia and their effectiveness in addressing various hazards in the region. Besides, it evaluates the present policies and legislative framework of Queensland in ensuring that the workers are fully safeguarded during their work. Background of OH&S in Queensland Queensland is a state in Australia that occupies the North Eastern area of the continent. It is the second largest state with a population of about 4. 3 million by the year 2007 which represent about 20% of the total Australian population. Like other states, the region's work place health and safety demands are guided by the central government's provisions. Notably, the state is classified among those that have effective work place and health safety measures in Australia. Under the Occupational Health and Safety legislation in Australia, the state has its own principle Occupational Health and Safety act that spells out the demand and standards for different groups and establishments in effecting the best working environments for the employees (Probst, 2004). It gives a clear framework and a cooperative system that organizations' managements are required to follow and maintain in order to guarantee the best operating environment for growth. Particularly, the management of all establishments is required to ensure that they provide safe premises for workers operations. Besides, machineries and substances are required to be totally safe for the employees to work with. In addition, information, instruction, and training should be given to the staff and the employees to keep them equipped with all the necessary skills for addressing emergencies for saving their lives and properties. It is no doubt that the state has a very high value for human life a notion that has gone a long way in enhancing its last two decades tremendous growth in the country. Selected activities on OH&S As indicated earlier, Queensland has set its own Occupational Health and Safety guiding policy that dictates its operations in seeking the best operating environment for the state. Over the years, the Workplaces Health and Safety Act of 1995 has been used in Queensland to integrate into the management the best practices and systems that are necessary for maintaining the working place environment above the minimum standards. Therefore, it employs the following systems; ? Risk management approaches that are incorporated as part of the daily running of the business. Consultative mechanisms between the employee’s and management in addressing different health and safety issues. ? Provision of capacity building systems programs and supervision that assist in identifying and eliminating any hazard present in the work place environments. ? Besides cooperating with the firms’ management in establishing the best methods of addressing the rising levels of new hazard, it keeps the workplaces occupational health and safety information for review at various instances to evaluate the progress in the state. Research process This research will be mainly based on the available literature to give it the ability to evaluate more information regarding Queensland application of the Occupational Health and Safety measures. With closer evaluation of the available policies and regulations in the state, the research will look into various organizations and how they effect the same policies in the state. Besides, it will explore the implications of the policies demands in organizations management and establish possible problems that they encounter during their application. Notably, the paper will use human resource management theories and principles of enhancing productivity in the work place and derive recommendations for the problems that Queensland's firms face in balancing the management to get higher productivity and the demands for ideal environment for the workers (Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, 2009). Part B: Analysis ? HRM literature evaluation Over the last decade, Queensland human resources managers for different industries have had to comply with different requirements of the state in provision of the required standards for the employees at their work places. As indicated earlier, work place safety is one of the most important steps in achieving greater productivity from the employees. Though most of the Human resources viewed the demands for workplace health and safety provision as part of an added expense, the ideology has been assimilated by majority of the sectors and improved the overall working condition for the employees (Cooper and Phillips, 2004). However, a large percentage have not assimilated the system up to the require standards by the rules and policies in the state. Besides, the levels of cooperation between the government and most of the firms has been very low, a pointer that has been cited to indicate non compliance. (a) Health sector Provision of safe workplace environment is possibly most important with reference to the health sector. Health employees are usually exposed to different infections as they attend to the patients. This is a major health risk in that most of the diseases are highly contagious and can affect them and their families (World Health Organization, 2002). They are also exposed to highly reactive dangerous chemicals. Notably, high tech research institutions in major hospitals of Queensland involve use of highly reactive chemicals that are equally harmful to the researchers and the medical experts. Employees in radiotherapy sections are exposed to high radiations that may have long term negative effects on their health (Hegney, Plank, and Parker, 2003). To effectively address these problems, Human Resources management should understand the major implications of working in the health sector. As indicated by the new Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008, it is clear that human resources managers are supposed to ensure that they provide the most effective methods for ensuring workers are completely safe in their work places. According to Part Sixteen Section 198-203, all the chemicals and hazardous substances that health centers use should be accompanied by the necessary protective precautions well indicated on their seals. The Act also requires that all the employees be given the correct attire that prevents them from getting various contagious diseases. As provided for by the act, new health establishments should be assessed before licenses are issued to guarantee that they comply with the legislation. In Part Two of the same act, the design of institutions such as hospitals and health centers are supposed to be approved to ensure that they give the correct space for its activities effectively. It also provides for monitoring of the health facilities by occupational health and safety officers to ascertain that all the regulations are adhered to. (b) Construction industry Currently, Queensland is one of the fastest growing states in Australia and with major construction industries positioning themselves at the heart of the state. Workers in construction sites are generally exposed to high noise levels of the heavy machinery which have negative acrostic effects to them (Wangyal, 2001). Besides, they are also exposed to excess lights especially in the welding sections. This may cause temporary or permanent sight losses to them. They are also exposed to high dust levels which may have cancerous effects to their upper respiratory systems. Lifting of heavy materials may also induce spinal cord problems. The government of Queensland policy on building industry has established the Queensland code of Practice of the building and construction industry. Under this code of conduct, the behavior and ethics for the management is outlined for ensuring maximum safety during construction operations. To add to that, the Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008 requires that constructions be certified by the government authorities to verify that machineries are not dangerous to the workers. Human resources management should provide the necessary attire that assists in reducing light, sound, and dust levels in the working sites (Office of the Queensland Parliamentary Counsel, 2009). Most importantly, the workers are supposed to be taken through inclusive training of how they are supposed to operate without causing harm to themselves and the businesses assets. (c) Hotel industry Many hotel industry workers have suffered in their operations as the management focuses more on the outlook. In most of the hotels, chefs and cooks are exposed to high temperatures that are harmful to their bodies especially with long term exposure (Gemmell, 2001). Though most of the hotels are shifting to the modern forms of energy, about 90% of them still have the traditional forms of fuel being in use (Department of Industrial Relations Workplace Health and Safety, 2003). This makes the employees to be exposed to great risks of upper respiratory infections from the carbon compounds. To add to that, most of the workers especially the waiters spend over 80% of their working sessions standing as they serve the consumers. This is extremely tiring and may cause poor flow of blood in their systems. Ethically, the human resources management should be able to provide the correct rotational systems to reduce physical and psychological suffering for the workers. Besides, they should establish the correct systems for less operation hours especially for the waiters and install new machineries that are less harmful to the cooks. Organizations' problems in addressing the problems (a) Cost Though many organizations have been willing to effect the demands of different rules and regulations, it is clear that cost is a major prohibiting factor. Human resources for most industries in Queensland indicate that thorough preventative systems are costly to buy, install, and maintain (Lamm and Walters, 2004). In the hotel industry, installation of electric cookers may be the best system to reduce the effects of smoke and heat to the staff. However, such machineries are costly and consume vast quantities of electricity and therefore unsustainable to maintain. In the construction industry, enclosed automated mixers for ballast and machinery silencers are very costly especially for the small construction companies. (b) Expertise and time Arguably, most of the occupational health and safety demands are oriented towards training and capacity building as a major building block for sustainable safety. The Work Place Health and Safety Regulations of 2008 provides for periodical training of staff and employees. This operation is conducted by certified occupational health and safety officers who not only add cost to the production process, but may delay projects from commencements. Human resources management considers time lost to be very costly and unrecoverable (Zohar, 2002). Besides, organizations management may be required to employ other officers to act as experts in ensuring that the required operations of machinery or particular systems are fully operational without causing any negative effect. (c) Compensations from work injuries. According to the Work Place Health and Safety regulations of 2008, it is the employees’ human rights to get the correct compensation of any injuries or harm that they get in the work places. However, even after provision with the necessary training and the correct attire, most of the work injuries take place due to employees’ carelessness. Even in such cases, the companies are still held responsible for the employees harm and forced to pay for the harm (Zohar and Luria, 2005). Legislative and policy framework on the state. As indicated earlier, Queensland have laws in all the departments to ensure that workers operate in the best environment possible. In 1995, the Workplace Health and Safety Act was established and reviewed in the year 2008. Notably this legislation is the main operating framework for determining the workplace standards of environment. Under this act, a cohesive framework to be used by organization's management is established with health and safety obligations be adhered to. Therefore, human resources managers use this as the main guideline for developing internal standards in their organizations. Besides, the act established a health and safety board that is responsible with encouraging participation by human resources managers and workers in developing better systems of addressing issues affecting workers in the work places. To add to that, it provides for workers representatives from different organizations to bring the correct feedback on application of rules at the employees level. This notion has especially been effective in giving correct information as it reduces possible compromises by supervisors and people in managerial positions. Of greater effect of the policy is the provision for training, monitoring and punitive measures. This assists to ensure that the correct standards are not only understood, but intrinsically conceptualized by organizations' management and workers. Particularly, the emphasis of the high risk operations close monitoring and tougher rules indicates the weight that government puts on its people. Though most of the human resources view these as part of the extra cost that can easily be shed off, it is wrong and law should be used to punish non compliance. Conclusion and recommendations Occupational health and safety is the most important aspect in any business establishment. The current laws in Queensland should be applied with greater emphasis to ensure that all the employers comply with them and guarantee the best operating environment to the workers. As indicated above most of the firms cry foul of the high cost associated with meeting the required standards. However, success of a business is measured using a multiplicity of factors including motivation and satisfaction of the employees on the work they do. To ensure that the working environment is improved in Queensland, human resources management should operate closely with the government to establish better methods of applying the same rules and regulations. Besides, the government should enforce better monitoring systems that guarantee compliance with the demands of the policy at all cost (Goldenhar, Williams, and Swanson, 2003). Finally, organizations should seek to educate the employees and the public on their working rights to enable easier reporting mechanisms and effective countermeasures.

Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology Essay

The day and the life of a teenagers, is consumed with text messages, Face time, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, and Face book messages. Many of us watch TV, listen to music, and â€Å"live chat† with our friends by way of the â€Å"smart phone†. I’m sure our parents wished for once, we would â€Å"look up† from our phones and have an actual conversation with them, but we can’t. We’re addicted to our phones. And sadly, this is typical living for modern people to â€Å"deal with† this hurried and fast-paced society. Nevertheless, it seems that we have less and less time to face the real world around as â€Å"technology† owns us. Is this new form of communication doing us good or bad? In chapter eight of the book â€Å"Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other,† the author Sherry Turkle, emphasize that people prefer technology over face-to-face communication and therefore, as known as â€Å"cy borgs†. It seems impossible for people to a moment without technological devices such as webcams, cell phones or laptops. We love the ideal of staying connected with others by way of our handheld or lap devices. As stated by the author, â€Å"cyberspace† offer teenagers a place to create and explore identity. Additionally, virtual communities, such as the internet, allow us a chance at forming a â€Å"Second Life†. By creating an avatar, we can edit our lives as we know it by creating a profile that will attract â€Å"followers, friend requests, and likes†. We literally have our relationships in the â€Å"palm† of our hands. But, is this real? Can we sustain these types of relationships? As noted in the chapter, â€Å"Virtual places offers connection with uncertain claims to commitment†¦People talk about digital life as the â€Å"place for hope,† the place where something new will come to them† (Turkle 153). I can admit to checking my phone just about every 5 minutes for a new pictures or messages from my â€Å"friends†. Social media provides instant updates and allow us to stay attune with what’s happening in the world – my world. However, Turkle’s stance remains neutral, yet depicts both the advantages and disadvantages being tethered to the internet gives us. We tend to remove ourselves from society by talking on phones or glancing down at screens of their mobile devices. We â€Å"log out† of the â€Å"real world† and â€Å"log in† the virtual space and therefore, cease the interaction or human connection with people surrounding us. In Chapter 1, Turkle states â€Å"†¦Whether or not our devices are in use, without them we feel  disconnected, adrift. Gradually, we come to see our online life as life itself. †¦ Technology reshapes the landscape of our emotional lives, but is it offering the lives we want to lead?† (16, 17). We’re unable to live without technology. We have conditioned ourselves to never leave home without our devices . Gone are the days of remember important contact information. Our handheld device house all of this information, so should we lose the smart phone, we’re completely lost. Moreover, people feel like their abilities are enhanced and efficiency are increased while multitasking. As noted in chapter 8, â€Å"†¦We have moved from multitasking to multi-lifing.† (160). In fact, we’re unable to perform basic tasks without some form of technological device near us – streaming music, TV, or live chats. It seems that we gain more time from the technological devices than we gain from picking up the phone or having a face-to-face meeting. Turkel, stated, â€Å"The online life may be enjoyable and fulfilling, making one even less satisfied with life at home. Networked, we are together, but so lessened are our expectations of each other that we can feel utterly alone. And there is the risk that we come to see others as objects to be accessed–and only for the parts we find useful, comforting, or amusing.† (154). Our expectations have â€Å"dimmed† due to our reliance on text messages, emails, and other social media outlets. We accept cryptic messages instead of organized, well throughout communications or agenda. Is there such a thing as social media overload? Can we escape from our devices long enough to simply â€Å"breathe†? One of the examples from the book, a museum curator Diane, she can barely keep up with the pace of technology. It’s her goal to remain â€Å"offline† in order to enjoy her life during her scheduled vacation and not feel inclined to response to the â€Å"unread† messages. The author suggests to us that in order to have more time to think, we have to the networked devices away, especially our youth. The author, Sherry Turkle, does not clearly express whether she encourage or discourages the use of networked devices, however, through her words, we can see that she implies that it is important for that we take a break from the virtual world and try to get back to the basics. As for my opinion, I enjoy my smart phone and the access that I have, however, realize after reading this book, I need to develop â€Å"real† friendships and not rely on my â€Å"followers† on the popular social media outlets to bring me instant gratification. However, I agree  with the author, people have a hard time relaxing because we’re always â€Å"on† and in receipt of news, be it good or bad. Yet, I choose the virtual world. Works Cited Turkle, Sherry. Alone Together: Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other. New York: Basic Books, 2011. Print.

ECG Biometric Recognition

ECG Biometric Recognition Identifying humans based on their ecg signals Department of Electrical EngineeringIdentifying humans based on their ecg signalsELE 490 Senior Design IStudent(s) Names IDsDheeraj Girijavallaban 40951Mohammed Sajjad Islam 37385Supervised byDr. Khaled AssalehSemesterFall 2014DateRevisionDescriptionAuthor(s)REVISION HISTORYTable of Contents2REVISION HISTORY à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½3Table of Contents à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½5List of Figures and Tables à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½6Glossary à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½7Executive Summary à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½81. INTRODUCTION à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½81.1 Purpose à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½101.1.1 High Pressure Sodium (HPS) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½111.1.2 Smart Street Lighting System (SSL) à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½121.2 Motivation à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½141.2.1 LEDs VS Conventional Lamps à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½161.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of SSL à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½161.4 Literature Review à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½161.4.1 TRIAC Voltage Varying Circuit à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½171.4.2 LDR Circuit à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½182. Requirements Specifications à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½18Upgrade Cost from HPS lamps to LED à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½19Scenarios à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20Scenario 1 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20Sc enario 2 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½20Scenario 3 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½21Decision Matrix à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½223. Design à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½22Microcontroller [1] à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½23Programmable Logic Controller [4] à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½23Ladder Logic Programming [2] à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½24Motion Sensors à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25Lamps à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½27PROFIBUS à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½29Simulation and Verification à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½34Schedule à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½34Budget à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½36Conclusions and Future Work à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½37Appendix a à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½38Legend à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½39References à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½List of Figures and Tables8Figure 1 - Generation through hydroelectric à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9Figure 2 Combustion of coal à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½9Figure 3 Power cycle à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10Figure 4 HPS detailed labelling à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½12Figure 5 Smart Street lighting à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½14Figure 6 - LED vs. conventional lamps à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½15Figure 7 - Characteristics of Intensity vs. Time à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½17Figure 8 - TRIAC voltage characteristics à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½17Figure 9 - TRIAC Circuit along with timer à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½18 Figure 10 - LDR circuit à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½22Figure 11 - Intel 8742, 8-bit microcontroller à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½23Figure 12 - Siemens PLC à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½23Figure 13 - Thermostat Ladder Program à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½24Figure 14: Working of Active infrared sensor à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25Figure 15 - Levels of luminance à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½26Figure 16 - Block diagram of the...Figure 3

Biology Research Paper Topics

Biology Research Paper Topics A research paper in biology is one composed of data and other important information gathered by the researcher. Accuracy of the results and clear presentation of information and data are key features in a biology research paper. Standard biological research leaves little or no room for errors. Errors found make the work irrelevant and non-usable and such work can not be presented. Study of life and life forms is quite tedious and lengthy and keeping data is not easy. Usually, much of the work done is confined within laboratories and field work. Biology is a vast subject with many categories ranging from ecology to biochemistry. Choice of a biology research paper topic will depend on the scope of work you want to do. Some topics will require laboratory work and others a review of what has been done by other researchers. A lengthy topic is disadvantageous especially when the entire work is to be done in a laboratory. Some work may require use of sophisticated apparatus and expensive materials, availability of these things should be considered before choosing a topic.Techniques used in biology research are many and a mastery of these techniques is essential. Biology research paper topics that do not require laboratory work, the sources of information chosen have to be relevant to the topic of choice. There are a number of categories in biology that a student can choose from such as ecology, plant pathology, immunology, molecular biology and cellular biology. Some of the most popular biology research paper topics include; biological pest control, effects of global warming on marine life, prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa, control of genetic diseases using gene therapy and ethical issues arising from the use of genetically modified organisms. Research questions, challenges and problems determine the choice of a biology research paper topic.

Ovids Account of Aphrodite and Adonis

Ovid's Account of Aphrodite and Adonis The love goddess of the Greeks, Aphrodite, usually made other people fall in love (or lust, more often than not), but sometimes she, too, was smitten. In this story of Adonis and Aphrodite, which comes from the tenth book of, the Roman poet Ovid summarizes Aphrodites ill-fated love affair with Adonis. Aphrodite fell in love with lots of males. The hunter Adonis was one of these. It was his good looks that attracted the goddess and now the very name Adonis is synonymous with male beauty. Ovid says that by Aphrodites falling in love with him, the mortal Adonis avenged the incest between his parent Myrrha and her father Cinyras and then he caused Aphrodite intolerable grief when he was killed. The original act of incest was provoked by unquenchable lust caused by Aphrodite. Note the geographic locations of cult sites that Aphrodite is accused of neglecting: Paphos, Cythera, Cnidos, and Amathus. Also, note the detail of Aphrodite flying with swans. Since this is part of the work on physical transformations by Ovid, the dead Adonis is turned into something else, a flower. Also worth noting: Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite V. This hymn tells the story of Aphrodites love affair with the mortal Anchises.Aspects of Venus (Aphrodite) Ovids Story The following is Arthur Goldings translation from 1922 of the section of the tenth book of Ovids Metamorphoses on the love story of Adonis and Aphrodite: That son of sister and grandfather, whowas lately hidden in his parent tree,just lately born, a lovely baby boyis now a youth, now man more beautiful825 than during growth. He wins the love of Venusand so avenges his own mothers passion.For while the goddess son with quiver heldon the shoulder, once was kissing his loved mother,it chanced unwittingly he grazed her breast830 with a projecting arrow. Instantlythe wounded goddess pushed her son away;but the scratch had pierced her deeper than she thoughtand even Venus was at first deceived.Delighted with the beauty of the youth,835 she does not think of her Cytherian shoresand does not care for Paphos, which is girtby the deep sea, nor Cnidos, haunts of fish,nor Amathus far-famed for precious ores.Venus, neglecting heaven, prefers Adonis840 to heaven, and so she holds close to his waysas his companion, and forgets to restat noon-day in the shade, neglecting the careof her sweet beauty. She goes through the woods,and over mountain ridges and wild fields,845 rocky and thorn-set, bare to her white kneesafter Dianas manner. And she cheersthe hounds, intent to hunt for harmless prey,such as the leaping hare, or the wild stag,high-crowned with branching antlers, or the doe.850 she keeps away from fierce wild boars, awayfrom ravenous wolves; and she avoids the bearsof frightful claws, and lions glutted withthe blood of slaughtered cattle.She warns you,855 Adonis, to beware and fear them. If her fearsfor you were only heeded! Oh be brave,she says, against those timid animalswhich fly from you; but courage is not safeagainst the bold. Dear boy, do not be rash,860 do not attack the wild beasts which are armedby nature, lest your glory may cost megreat sorrow. Neither youth nor beauty northe deeds which have moved Venus have effecton lions, bristling boars, and on the eyes865 and tempers of wild beasts. Boars have the forceof lightning in their curved tusks, and the rageof tawny lions is unlimited.I fear and hate them all.Wh en he inquires870 the reason, she says: I will tell it; youwill be surprised to learn the bad resultcaused by an ancient crime. But I am wearywith unaccustomed toil; and see! a poplarconvenient offers a delightful shade875 and this lawn gives a good couch. Let us restourselves here on the grass. So saying, shereclined upon the turf and, pillowingher head against his breast and mingling kisseswith her words, she told him the following tale: Story of Atalanta My dear Adonis keep away from allsuch savage animals; avoid all thosewhich do not turn their fearful backs in flightbut offer their bold breasts to your attack,1115 lest courage should be fatal to us both.Indeed she warned him. Harnessing her swans,she traveled swiftly through the yielding air;but his rash courage would not heed the advice.By chance his dogs, which followed a sure track,1120 aroused a wild boar from his hiding place;and, as he rushed out from his forest lair,Adonis pierced him with a glancing stroke.Infuriate, the fierce boars curved snoutfirst struck the spear-shaft from his bleeding side;1125 and, while the trembling youth was seeking whereto find a safe retreat, the savage beastraced after him, until at last, he sankhis deadly tusk deep in Adonis groin;and stretched him dying on the yellow sand.1130 And now sweet Aphrodite, borne through airin her light chariot, had not yet arrivedat Cyprus, on the wings of her white swans.Afar she recognized his dying groans,and turned her white birds towards the sound. And when1135 down looking from the lofty sky, she sawhim nearly dead, his body bathed in blood,she leaped downtore her garmenttore her hair and beat her bosom with distracted hands.And blaming Fate said, But not everything1140 is at the mercy of your cruel power.My sorrow for Adonis will remain,enduring as a lasting monument.Each passing year the memory of his deathshall cause an imitation of my grief.1145 Your blood, Adonis, will become a flowerperennial. Was it not allowed to youPersephone, to transform Menthes limbsinto sweet fragrant mint? And can this changeof my loved hero be denied to me?1150 Her grief declared, she sprinkled his blood withsweet-smelling nectar, and his blood as soonas touched by it began to effervesce,just as transparent bubbles always risein rainy weather. Nor was there a pause1155 more than an hour, when from Adonis, blood,exactly of its color, a loved flowersprang up, such as pomegranates give to us,small trees w hich later hide their seeds beneatha tough rind. But the joy it gives to man1160 is short-lived, for the winds which give the flowerits name, Anemone, shake it right down,because its slender hold, always so weak,lets it fall to the ground from its frail stem.

Executive Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Executive Summary - Essay Example Annual reports are the basis on how stockholders and others view the performance of an organization, influencing their decision to retain the stocks or not. The annual report consists of a financial section and a possible narrative section. The financial section remains accurate, because of the attention paid to it by the auditors. The decision to have a narrative section and what it contains is decided by the organization, which is influenced by their financial position. Graphs in the narrative section play an important part in the comprehension of the narrative section. Yet, the graphic designer through selection of graph type, color, scale, and emphasis, and the like, can manipulate the perception of the reader of the narrative section. The distortion of graphs in narrative section is clearly established through several studies. For example, the Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants in 1993 reports fifteen different ways in which distortion in graphs can occur. Evaluation of financial graphics and the actual financial data in annual reports confirm the use of such graphic distortion. Results of the literature review demonstrate that there is manipulation in selection and preparation of graphic representation that have implications for accountancy-related issues, international opinions, and the communications intended through the annual reports. However, a key question that remains unanswered is whether company size has any role to play in the manipulation of graphical representation in annual reports (Penrose, 2008). This article presents the problem of the requirement for writing skills in accounting firms. Many of the bright university students choose to work in accounting firms. In this era of globalization, writing skills in accounting firms have gained in importance, raising the questions as to the specific requirements of writing skills in accounting firms, whether these needs

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Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Case Study article, Labor Force Participation of Men and Women in the Essay

Case Study article, Labor Force Participation of Men and Women in the U.S. Economy, - Essay Example milarly, with more women now opting to work, fathers are also forced to look after their children and hence men participation in the workforce has seen a decline. Another reason for the increase in the women participation is the introduction of birth control and family planning programmes. This again has relieved women from their conventional household duties. All these points seem valid but the author fails to comment on the sustainability of these changes. I believe these changes will be short lived. In the long run, the decline in birth rate will mean that less labor force will be available for economic development and GDP will fall at a faster rate with less young and energetic people working in the economy and older people retiring early. The increase in women participation should be, therefore, taken as more of a problem then something to be happy about as it would harm the economy in the long

Marketing Conduct of the Superdry Fashion Brand Label of UK Essay - 1

Marketing Conduct of the Superdry Fashion Brand Label of UK - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Superdry brand is owned by the Super Group Plc with two brands CULT and Superdry. The brand started its business in 1985 with inspiration from the Japanese streetwear having a combination of bright colors and graphical prints. The Japanese style was mixed with the British style and high-quality fashion product that captured the market significantly. The global presence of the business in different parts of the world is presented in the paper. The company has expanded from using the Wholesale business format to the retail format with the strategy of expanding revenues and profits. Superdry has the business model of expanding its base in the geographical territory. A review of the five years’ revenue and the business has been illustrated in the paper. Though the political conditions of the UK are stable, there are growing concerns in businesses with respect to the general election and along with the probable EU referendum  to be held in 2015. Also, the independence of Scotland is to pose a challenge.Despite taking steps for the recovery from the economic crunch of 2008 and the inflation standing at 1.5%, the interest rate is maintained at 0.5%, to support the slowing growth. The competitive landscape is a critical for the business understanding, survival and winning a competitive edge. Superdry with its global existence has a deal with the range of competitive pressures in order to maintain the profitable balance. The leading competitors of Superdry include Primark, H&M, New Look and Rivers Island in addition to another leading fashion brand local and international players in both local and international market of its presence.

Case Study article, Labor Force Participation of Men and Women in the Essay

Case Study article, Labor Force Participation of Men and Women in the U.S. Economy, - Essay Example milarly, with more women now opting to work, fathers are also forced to look after their children and hence men participation in the workforce has seen a decline. Another reason for the increase in the women participation is the introduction of birth control and family planning programmes. This again has relieved women from their conventional household duties. All these points seem valid but the author fails to comment on the sustainability of these changes. I believe these changes will be short lived. In the long run, the decline in birth rate will mean that less labor force will be available for economic development and GDP will fall at a faster rate with less young and energetic people working in the economy and older people retiring early. The increase in women participation should be, therefore, taken as more of a problem then something to be happy about as it would harm the economy in the long

Twelve Angry Men Intros Essay Example for Free

Twelve Angry Men Intros Essay Set in the summer of 1957, Reginald Roses play, Twelve Angry Men, highlights the importance of speaking out for what is right. Rose demonstrates through characterisation that prejudice and preconceptions can conceal the truth. From the inception, Rose presents a biased jury who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions. However it is through Juror 8, that Rose advocates that justice and fairness can prevail over prejudice if just one virtuous person is willing to speak out. Juror 8 is depicted as the epitome of a fair and conscientious juror who is prepared to stand alone in order to ensure a fair verdict is delivered. Although the other jurors initially lacked equity, they discover their inner voice through Juror 8 and are able to deliver a legitimate verdict. Twelve Angry Men demonstrates the weakness of the jury system. Do you agree? Reginald Roses play,Twelve Angry Men, highlights not only the fragility of the jury system, but also its strength. Rose presents to the audience that it is more by luck than legal support that the accused was acquitted, therefore implying that the jury system is flawed. Initially Rose presents a biased jury who is convinced of the boys guilt based on preconceived notions. This emphasises a major flaw of the jury system, being that prejudice can obscure the truth. In addition, the jurors votes are also influenced heavily by their own personal backgrounds. This is evident in Juror 3 and 10 especially. However it is through Juror 8s virtuous motives of finding a reasonable doubt that ensured a just verdict was delivered. Juror 8 was the only person able to look past personal prejudices from the beginning, and through perseverance was able to guide other fellow jurors to deliberate honestly and thoughtfully. Thus, Rose shows the audience that the jury system is capable of securing justice.

Human resource strategy proposal for bp

Human resource strategy proposal for bp 1.1 Introduction The changes in business and the impact of globalisation on increased competitiveness have pushed organisations to incorporate a strategic approach to human resource management (HRM) to achieve competitive advantage. Strategy is defined by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD), (http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=zXG_lJ8BrMwCoi=fndpg=PR9dq=the+key+to+improved+business+performanceots=GLUULx2eFZsig=I9jHj5YhE5QIBmWYn-o-U0NvDlc#v=onepageqf=false).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011) as a plan that integrates the goals, policies and action of an organisation into a cohesive whole. Fundamentally strategy is concerned with achieving a competitive advantage. By adopting a strategic approach to HRM, organisations seek to manage its human resources in a coherent approach that replicate the business strategy. CIPD views strategic HRM from two main perspectives, CIPD, [Online].(http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/corpstrtgy/general/strathrm.htm?IsSrchRes=1).(Accessed 05 Mar. 11); The ways in which an organisation achieves its business goals by putting in place activities that support and guide employees behaviour. And the manner in which the human resources and activities are planned to achieve the business goals. Therefore, strategic HRM is an integrated approach that aligns the internal and external context of an organisation for organisational performance, that is, a strategic fit between strategic intent and organisation resources. In order to suggest an appropriate human resource strategy for BPs human resource issues (appendix), this paper shall adopt an integrated approach to the various views of strategic HRM; Best Fit, Resource Based and Best Practices approach. 1.2 Best Fit The best fit view is all about the vertical integration. It is a contingency view in which an organisation links its business strategy (external market) and individual performance (internal environment) to create an effective HR policies and practices and achieve competitive advantage. Beardwell J and Claydon T., Human Resource Management: A contemporary Approach (Prentice Hall, 2010) used the life cycle and competitive advantage model to explain the best fit approach. The life cycle model links the appropriate HR practices to the different stages in the life cycle of a business. This model suggests that the HR policies at start up will differ with those during an organisations growth, mature and decline phase. Drawing evidence from BPs website, a statistical review in June 2010 by then BPs CEO, Tony Howard, BP,(http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9023752contentId=7044473).[Online ].(Accessed 05 Mar.2011), shows a sharp decline on record in global energy consumption and falling energy prices caused by global recession which is likely to continue in the long term. This decline in global energy consumption will affect energy companies especially BP which is a major player in the energy market with its huge global presence. Assuming this trend continues as predicted, this would set BPs business life cycle at its mature or decline phase. This means the HR strategy for BP will be one of downsizing and redundancy of employees but which needs to retain viability and contribute to sustainable competitive advantage. This dual strategy will enable BP to master the present while preparing for the future eventualities. A proposed strategy will be to retain high performance staff, recruit less and train staffs to multi task. On the other hand, the competitive advantage model argues that HR practices work best when adapted to the competitive strategy; Redman T and Wilkinson A., Contemporary Human Resource Management (Prentice Hall, 2009). The model identifies three types of strategic behaviour which can be linked to BPs HR practices: defenders, prospectors and analysers. Defenders operate in small niche market producing high quality products and services backed by high prices. Prospectors are more flexible and use innovative strategy to change product line quite often. Analysers are less innovative but stable and efficient and will only enter the market when it is risk free. Evidence from BPs website, (http://www.bp.com/productlanding.do?categoryId=9025115contentId=7047794).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011) shows that innovations and technology and an efficient energy are a priority to tackle the challenges to meet energy demand and environmental concern. Therefore, to gain competitive advantage BP could adopt a dual strategy of make defender and buy prospector to remain both innovative and efficient at a lower operating cost. That is a make strategy that invests in employees to seek efficiency and a buy strategy for new technology to remain innovative in the market. This is a similar dual strategy approach that has been successfully used by the Singapore Airlines (SIA), (http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/ftmsc/modules/modulelist/pop/articles/singapore_airlines.pdf).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011) that adopts a cost reduction strategy while providing premium services. The best fit view has been strongly criticised for its lack of flexibility in a dynamic changing environment. To achieve dynamic fit and given that BP is; an innovative, a high risk taker, results oriented, flexible to change, quality and process focus company, it should develop a human capital pool with these broad range of skills that will promote behavioural flexibility among its employees. This should help solve the problem of flexibility in changing environment. 1.3 Resource Based View (RBV) The resource based view is a paradigm shift from the best fit approach that draws on the internal resources of an organisation. It is particularly applicable in unpredictable external environment and focuses on achieving uniqueness and sustainable competitive advantage through the manipulation of an organisations resources. The VRIO (Value, Rarity, Inimitable, Organisation) framework, Beardwell J. and Claydon T., Human Resource Management: A contemporary Approach (Prentice Hall, 2010), is a useful tool to explain RBV relationship and formulation of a strategy. Value is all about the impact of HR contribution through improved customer service and customer added value. Rarity is simply to exploit rare characteristics of the firms human resources to gain competitive advantage. Inimitability means recognising an organisations unique history and culture to develop unique practices and behaviours that make it difficult for competitors to copy. Organisation is integrating internal resources into a coherent system so that they can capitalise on adding value, rarity and inimitability. The VRIO framework has been successfully used by the Singapore Airlines, (http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/wmg/ftmsc/modules/modulelist/pop/articles/singapore_airlines.pdf).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011) to develop a set of unique characteristics such as replacing its fleets more frequently than do its competitors. As a result, its fleet is young and energy efficient and operates at a lower cost. BPs website (http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9025116contentId=7046892) .[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011) shows that BP is very keen on deep sea exploration, an activity other energy companies are afraid to venture into. Using this approach, BP can make deep sea exploration its unique culture and develop unique practices such as training and developing deep sea specialists to make it difficult for its competitors to copy. Implementing HR policies has been a key issue highlighted with the RBV and BP can overcome this by creating opportunities that will improve the discretionary behaviour of both line managers and employees such as; team working, training and development schemes, long term employment security and better pay structure. 1.4 Best Practice Best practice or high commitment human resource practices are a distinctive set of successful HR practices which firms can adopt irrespective of their setting and which will lead to improvement in performance. Due to the global economic crisis, most organisations are now adopting a policy of negotiating reduced wages to maintain job security and employment commitment. In same way, BP can adopt this best practice and integrate it with others that are specific to its needs. The BPs career webpage; What BP is Looking For, (http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9031574contentId=7057908).[Online].(Accessed 11 Mar. 2011), shows that BP is committed to developing leaders and supporting its employees through continuous improvement. Therefore, the appropriate best practices for BP should focus on enhancing the skill base of employees and this could be achieved through HR activities such as; introducing succession planning scheme to train future leaders, comprehensive training and development opportunities, selective staffing, results based performance and working in teams. 1.5 Recommended Strategy and Main Features The recommended human resource strategy for BP to adopt will be one that integrates all the key features of best fit, RBV and best practice views proposed above and as explained in the table below. Key Strategic Features Explanation Leadership Qualities A Priority Management should introduce comprehensive leadership training and development programmes. A succession planning scheme should be encouraged and practiced. Recruitment process should be selective and make leadership qualities a priority A Deep Sea Organisational Culture Employees should be encouraged to be innovative, take risk, results oriented, flexible to change, quality and process focus. There should be continuous training for specialists and high investment in deep sea exploration. Management should invest in employees to seek efficiency. Combined Organisational and Industrial Best Policy and Practice Retain high performance staff, recruit less and train staff to multi task. Negotiate reduce wages to maintain job security and employment commitment Continuous training programme for all employees to develop a broad range of skills. Team working should be encouraged to improve on discretionary behaviour. 1.6 Conclusion Strategic HRM is a complex process which is constantly evolving. The HRM strategy identified above is unique to BP in terms of the evidence found from its website and its major human resource issues discussed during the module session. The strategy adopts an integrated approach of best fit and resource based incorporating best practice as seen fit. Given that the economy is constantly changing, flexibilities have been imbued in the proposed strategy to make it dynamically feasible. 2.0 STRATEGIC RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS 2.1 Introduction The biggest asset in any organisation is its people. In order to remain a high performance company and stay competitive, BP needs to attract and nurture the right people with the right talent and right leadership qualities. Therefore, BPs HR practices and policies will play an important role for managing its people and achieving its business objectives. The challenges faced by BP to manage its people can be categorised as, BP,(http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9031553contentId=7057895).[Online].(Accessed 02 Mar. 2011); Attracting, developing and retaining talent. Shortage of skilled personnel. Developing a true leadership. Developing corporate social responsibility Transferring key knowledge and relationships. Responding to these challenges, BP has introduced a number of initiatives; BP, (http://www.bp.com/subsection.do?categoryId=2319contentId=7060032) [Online].(Accessed 02 Mar. 2011). Though these measures are good, a strategic recruitment and selection process can be adopted to tackle these challenges. 2.2 Strategic Recruitment and Selection Process. According to a survey by CIPD, Annual Survey Report 2007: Recruitment, Retention and Turnover (CIPD, 2007) only 51% of the organisations surveyed in the UK had a resourcing strategy. Given that eight in ten of the employers ranked recruiting as a top priority in resourcing, it becomes imperative for BP to develop a recruiting strategy. To source the right type of employees, BP can select its talents internally, externally, use a combination of both or adopt alternative methods. The internal approach is a traditional method where employees are given priorities for unfilled vacancies before an external source is considered. The advantage with this method is that it motivates employees, improves their morale and provides them with opportunities for career progression. However, internal sourcing is expensive and generally leads to inbreeding and lack of creativity while external recruitment brings in fresh ideas and skills by hiring employees with different backgrounds. Whatever method BP decides to use, it is crucial that BP adopts a strategic approach that will identify the skills required before selecting the most suitable people to meet the human resource needs of an organisation; Boxall P. and Purcell J., Strategy and Human Resource Management, (Palgrave Macmillan, 2003). Furthermore, Beardwell J. and Claydon T., Human Resource Management: A Contemporary Approach (Prentice Hall, 2010) emphasis this need of a strategic approach as a prime source of competitive advantage to ensure the organisation has the right people in the right place at the right time. The strategic recruitment and selection process include techniques that stretch from attracting, selection and induction. 2.2.1 Attracting Talents: BPs Brand Strategy CIPD, (http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employer-brand.aspx) .[Accessed 03 Mar. 2011) defined employers brand; as a set of attributes and qualities often intangible that makes an organisation distinctive, promises a particular kind of employment experience, and appeals to those people who will thrive and perform best in its culture BPs brand strategy will depend on its brand strength and how it differs from its competitors. A useful strategic approach is that by CIPD: A no-nonsense approach, (http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employer-brand.aspx).[Online].(Accessed 03 Mar. 2011). In this step-by-step approach, BP will first need to investigate by communicating with top management, the employees, and external talent sources to understand the true perception of its employees experience. Secondly, BP should use the feedbacks from this investigation to create a distinctive Value Propositions (VP); a unique and compelling offer by BP to attract, retain and engage the employees in return for their performance. A suggested unique and compelling VP for BP is shown in fig 1 below; Next BP is to make sure it can deliver on its brand promise. By doing this and thinking about the employees experience not only from the recruitment stage but through induction to actual work life experience, BP will be using its employees to sell itself in a process known as employee branding. Therefore a good employee branding should be reflective of the employee experience as shown in fig 2 below; Finally BP will need to continuously measure, evaluate and review its brand strategy to make sure it is delivering real value.  This will be reflected through increase in application and enquiries, employees going the extra mile, and advocating for BP. 2.2.2 Strategic Recruiting Methods Globalisation and the global economic recession have pushed many employers to search creative employment channels and target a diverse application group. A CIPD report, Annual Survey Report 2007: Recruitment, Retention and Turnover (CIPD, 2007) indicated that local newspaper and corporate website were still favourite routes used by most employers. But due to technological changes and employees preference for a more flexible approach, organisations are now resorting to online recruitment techniques such as social networking sites like Facebook because they are cost effective and faster. BP a strong promoter of diversity, (http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9023446contentId=7058326).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011), can win the war on diversity by creating a diverse recruitment policy that is inclusive of both the traditional (newspapers and corporate website) channels plus mainstream recruiting channels. Fig 3 portrays the diversity recruitment process; To use both traditional and mainstream recruiting methods such as; Newspapers, Universities, E-recruitment, social networking sites, career fairs, and iPhone, to develop a heterogeneous group of applicants. Top management to become involved and support line managers in implementation. To provide management with diversity training. To keep altering recruitment practice so as to avoid recruiting every time from same social background and age groups in case it discriminates against certain job seekers. 2.2.3 Strategic Selection Techniques Strategic recruitment is a continuous process and includes adopting the right selection techniques. There are different techniques organisations have used to select potential employees: interviews, integrity test, curriculum vitae, assessment centres and psychometric tests. CIPD, Annual Survey Report 2007: Recruitment, Retention and Turnover (CIPD, 2007) reported that local newspapers and corporate websites were still favourite routes used by most employers though the psychometric and assessment centres have been popular. Whatever method BP chooses, it is important that the method is reliable and valid. Reliability measures the accuracy and consistency of the selection test while validity measures its predictability. The psychometric test has typically been associated with the best practice for employee selection; Redman T and Wilkinson A, Contemporary Human Resource Management (Prentice Hall, 2009). The psychometric tests are designed to accurately measure a candidates knowledge, abilities and personality traits. These tests have become popular with recruiters because they are designed to be reliable and predictable and are effective for handling large volumes of applicants. Assessment centres on the other hand focus on behaviours required for the job and involves candidates completing a number of different tasks as part of the selection process; CIPD, (http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/selection-methods.aspx).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 11). BP website shows its corporate website is the preferred selection route; (http://www.bp.com/sectiongenericarticle.do?categoryId=9031578contentId=7057906) .[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 2011). But selection is more than just using a particular technique, BP needs to implement a strategic psychometric approach which takes into account a social framework that includes selection as best fit and as an interactive discussion process; Redman T and Wilkinson A., Contemporary Human Resource Management, (Prentice Hall, 2009). To adopt a best fit approach, BP will need to identity its unique qualities such as values and culture, employment patterns, market segment and use these qualities to differentiate it selection practices from a best practice approach. Furthermore, BP should make its selection process interactive. The HR department should exchange information with other managers that are directly affected. Moreover, negotiation with participants should be a two-way process and designed to be perceived as fair. That is; treating participants with respect and dignity, providing them with information and making them part of the whole process. In addition, it is important that BP should provide adequate training courses for all those involved in assessing candidates at all stages of the selection process and that they are adequately briefed about the jobs. 2.2.4 Induction It is the process whereby employees adjust to their jobs and working environment; CIPD, (http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/induction.aspx).[Online].(Accessed 05 Mar. 11). The purpose, which is to ensure a smooth integration of staff into the organisation. BP can make its induction process more effective by; Making induction a vital part of its recruitment process. Designing a well structured induction programme to ensure that all new recruits receive information consistent with BPs values and culture. Carrying out physical orientation to describe where the facilities are and an organisational orientation to show new employees the important role they play in the overall business strategy. Ensuring a quality welcome because employees develop lasting impressions within their first few weeks of working. In a nutshell, if BP decides to adopt a strategic recruitment and selection approach to tackle challenges in its people management it will be vital that BP differentiates its brand strategy from that of its competitors. Furthermore, BP should be able to determine its core competencies to determine the correct recruiting channel(s). Finally, how it assimilates its new employees speak loud about its culture and values. TOTAL WORD COUNT: 3000

Belly Dancing Essay -- Art, Dancing

Hate doing crunches? Do they strain your back and neck muscles? Try belly dancing, it gives you better benefits than the average crunch with less pain. In addition to the physical and emotional benefits, belly dancing also has an impact on child birth and ones creativity in an entertaining manner. The physical benefits of belly dancing are, being able to become healthier, and in better shape. Being out of shape can also affect a person’s emotional-state. Participating in belly dancing can benefit ones self-esteem, and help their emotional well-being. Ones emotional-state can take a toll for the worst or the best when trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing is said to help the chances of a woman trying to become pregnant. Belly dancing also helps the birthing process, and can also help your pelvic muscles after pregnancy. Being pregnant can affect ones choice in attire. Belly dance allows one to become creative through the choreography and also their attire. Belly dancers bri ng out the most of their creativity while performing on stage. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise. Belly dance has physical and health benefits, remember; â€Å"A healthy heart is a happy heart†. According to Pina Coluccia â€Å"Belly Dancing strengthens the heart muscle and stimulates circulation† (Coluccia 84). Belly dancing is considered an aerobic or cardiovascular exercise. â€Å"Belly dancing can be considered a cardiovascular exercise, because it has similar effects as jogging or cycling† (Coluccia 84). Kanina says â€Å"Most of the students that attend my belly dancing classes, use belly dancing as a form o... .... The creativeness of belly dancing is brought out by what the women or men wear, and also where they are performing, and what style of belly dancing they are performing. If a woman is pregnant and is performing she could wear a dress and hide her belly, or she could emphasize her belly and wear a bra and a skirt. Belly dancing depends on the person; if they want to be more physically fit it is a good form of exercise. If a person wants to boost their self-esteem level practicing belly dancing will allow them to come in touch with their spiritual self. Also if a woman wants the birth process to be an easy belly dancing practices the birthing dance or movement. Belly dancing is very beneficial to ones physical and emotional state and could also help with the birth process; therefore it should be applied as a creative and entertaining form of daily exercise.

Exploring the Dark Side of Human Nature in The Killers Essay -- Killer

Exploring the Dark Side of Human Nature in The Killers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway's "The Killers" illustrates that unexplained violence is an integrated part of society.   To acknowledge the cruelties of life is to come to terms with horrifying events that can not be denied.   A person may lack the maturity to cope with everyday life if they do not realize that evil can exist in any given society.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story is told in the objective point-of-view.   "Hemingway's approach to his story is different; he approaches it as a journalist approaches a news story, from a focal point somewhere outside of his characters" (Jaffe, 209).   The author tells the story only as an observer.   He does not tell the reader what the characters are thinking, nor does he give the reader any insight to his personal feelings.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As the story progresses, the reader learns that "The Killers" intend to live up to the label Hemingway appropriately gave them.   "The Killers," however, are not the main focus of the story.   The title is symbolic only of the evil that the story revolves around, but the main focus of the story is Nick's discovery and disbelief of the true evil that lurks in everyday life.   Nick struggles with the knowledge that he can not change Ole's fate as he states, '"Don't you want to go and see the police?...Isn't there something I could do?...Maybe it was just a bluff...Couldn't you get out of town?...Couldn't you fix it in some way?'" (Hemingway, 251).   He is not mentally prepared to accept the darker side of human nature.  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "It is a story of discovery, in which the anonymity of the observer serves to compel the reader's attention to the bare facts as they add up, one by one, to a pattern of demonstrated yet... ...rld, they will be over-burdened with the unfairness of everyday life.    Works Cited Benson,   Jackson J.   Hemingway...The Writer's Art of Self-Defense.   Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969. Brooks, Cleanth and Robert Penn Warren.   Understanding Fiction. 3rd ed.   New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1979. Hemingway, Ernest.   "The Killers."   Great Tales of Terror and the Supernatural.   New York: The Modern Library, 1972. Jaffe, Adrian H. and Virgil Scott.   Studies in the Short Story.   5th ed. New York: The Dryden Press, 1956. Moseley, Edwin M.   Pseudonyms of Christ in the Modern Novel.   New York: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1962. Walcutt, Charles C.   Man's Changing Mask.   Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1966. West, Ray B. Jr.   The Short Story in America.   2nd ed.   New York: Books for Libraries Press, 1968.

Types Of Food And Water Contamination Environmental Sciences Essay

About every individual twenty-four hours our universe additions a vegetarian. Most people become a vegetarian out of regard for our animate beings, some because merely dont like meat. First of all, biological meat is better for the environment. The animate beings at biological farms have a better life ; they can travel about freely, acquire outside and eat proper nutrient. Furthermore, biological farms do non utilize fertilisers, chemical supplies or cistron engineering, so the meat you are purchasing is really better for your ain wellness. You can acquire biological meat at whole nutrient and wellness nutrient shops, some farm stores, and biological meatmans and even the better supermarkets. The environment section of the Dutch authorities is back uping supermarkets to acquire biological nutrient and to put up a good run, because biological nutrient is still more expensive in the universe. The taint of nutrient by chemical jeopardies is a world-wide public wellness concern and is a taking cause of trade jobs internationally. Contamination may happen through environmental pollution of the air, H2O and dirt, such as the instance with toxic metals, PCBs and dioxins, or through the knowing usage of assorted chemicals, such as pesticides, carnal drugs and other agrochemicals. Physically taint occurs when objects that get into the nutrient point and this can class taint. 1.1.1 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY BIOLOGICAL Food can be contaminated by biological because there are two types of biological agents are pathogens and toxins. Sanitation in fixing and functioning nutrient will cut down taint by pathogens. Toxins are toxicant substances produced by pathogens and other organisation to protect nutrient from toxins, stored it in sealed, air-tight containers so to avoid the taint we must decontaminate the containers before opening them. In handling the job of biological it is assumed that there could be contaminated by personal of all open surfaces, and of go arounding air. The illness could be caused by taint that had occurred several yearss, or hebdomad earlier. In instance of biological onslaught there are certain direction that should for carried out for protection and decontamination of feeding, imbibing, nutrient service equipment and messing countries. The best manner to forestall biological taint is to make good sanitary and hygienic pattern. 1.1.2 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY CHEMICALLY Chemical nutrient taint refers to the presence in nutrient harmful chemicals and micro-organism which can do consumer unwellness. The chemical taint of nutrient as microbiological taint is under the nutrient borne unwellness. Largely the chemical taint is modified nutrient, or the nutrient ingredients from genetically modified being besides can organize the nutrient taint. The nutrient borne unwellness can caused by certain cleansing compounds, and sometimes by usage the improper containers ( pots ) for cooking or hive awaying nutrient. Sometimes drug besides are used in agribusiness chemicals to command the infestation of fruit and veggie. When a big sum of chemicals are used it can caused a serious nutrient borne unwellness. The full toxicant chemical and cleaning compound must be carefully stored and labeled and shop in country that separate from the nutrient point. The best manner to forestall chemical nutrient borne unwellness are all the fruit and vegetable must be rinse decent ly so that the chemical will destruct in the H2O. We can even utilize warm H2O or even a hot H2O to rinse it. Examples of toxic metal that can do chemical taint are: Lead: found in pewter, illustration is pitcher and tableware Copper: found in cooking utensil, illustrations are pots and Pons Zinc: found galvanized points, illustrations are pail and bath 1.1.3 TYPE OF CONTAMINATED BY PHYSICALLY There is few type of physical taint that occurs. The first is from human existences. Sometimes the point that can do physical taint are, hair, soil, hurting french friess, buttons, coins, jewelry makers, plaster, and finger nail, go mix with the nutrient. The 2nd is from equipment in the hotel. The equipment that can contamination because from the, glass, metal, wood, plastic, prison guard, nuts, and bolts. The 3rd are largely from nutrient point are delivered in some sort of packaging or containers. If the packaging is damaged, or non to the full removed it may go a beginning of physical taint. Example the point are, polythene, paper, composition board, plastic or even glass. The 4th type of taint are from the unwanted parts of natural ingredients that remain in nutrient after readying including illustration, egg shell, castanetss, pips, chaffs, dirt or grit. The last physical taint are from the spread disease, they besides can do physical taint because the contaminated from the, de ad insect organic structures, larvae or eggs, dungs of pelt or a bird plume. To avoid the taint we must manage the nutrient point with carefully. 1.2 DEFINATION OF PORTABLE WATER ( The above beginnings from www.portable water.com ) Portable H2O is a safe H2O to be drink by all human existences or besides animate beings. Water may be of course drinkable, as is the instance with pristine springs, or it may necessitate to be treated in order to be safe. In either case, the safety of H2O is assessed with trials which look for potentially harmful contaminations. Largely portable H2O is packaged in plastic, or glass. It is a merely H2O that s safe to be drink by all. Water which is contaminated can treated to turn into portable H2O. Once of the easiest W P treat the H2O is boiling. Boiling H2O may non take heavy taints, but it can neutralize most bacteriums and viruses which may show H2O can besides treated with chemicals such as bleach, which sometimes it signifier of tablets for field and encampment usage. In extra, H2O can be pumped through a filter to take particulate. 1.3 PORTABLE WATER USED FOR: 1.3.1 PORTABLE WATER STORAGE TANKS ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O tanks.com ) Portable H2O storage armored combat vehicles can be used in a figure of applications. If there is a break in the lasting H2O supply a portable armored combat vehicle can be used as a impermanent solution. They can be used as firefighting equipment, typically in distant locations or for forest fires. They can besides be used in distant locations where a work cantonment needs to be set up for a period of clip. There are many different utilizations for them and they can be an effectual piece of equipment 1.3.2 WATER PURIFIER ( The above beginnings from www.water purifier.com ) Most H2O we would believe of as clean contains a assortment of different contaminations, including chemical and biological contaminations. Chemical contaminations are chemicals that have entered the H2O. We can kill biological contaminations in the H2O by boiling it, but unluckily, boiling H2O has no consequence on chemicals already in the H2O. However, utilizing a H2O purifier can take both biological and chemical contaminations at the same clip, ensuing in H2O that is clean and safe to be drink by household. 1.3.3 PORTABLE WATER BOTTLE ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O bottle.com ) The portable H2O bottles are a new sort of filtered H2O bottle. If you one to make at out of place we can merely used the portable H2O bottle. With this filtered H2O bottle you can merely even travel anyplace without any job. The portable H2O bottle, it can cut down 99.99 % of contaminations such as cryptosporidium, Giardia, E-coli, and many more. The bottle is design for going, exerting, athleticss events, and catastrophes or even can be used at place. The H2O bottle is really save and the H2O besides is safe to be drink. 1.3.4 PORTABLE WATER HEATER: ( The above beginnings from www.portable H2O heater.com ) Water warming is a thermodynamic temperature procedure utilizing a warming beginning to heat H2O above its initial temperature. Portable H2O is normally heated by device known as a H2O warmer or hot H2O system. Water warmer for non portable usage, both industrial and domestic are besides called hot H2O boilers. When a shell and tubing heat money changer is used for portable H2O or non portable H2O warming, it is normally called a hot H2O generator.

Relationship between Prospectus and department Essay

In the final draft (Diagram 3) of the college prospectus I have added another class (department), since in reality a college will be sub divided in different departments and then these departments will have different courses.  Relationship between Prospectus and department:  Class Name: Department  Responsibility: â€Å"Department† provides information about the departments in the college and what courses are done in each of them. Collaborations: Every â€Å"Department† will be related to & have many courses.  Relationships: Prospectus to Departments, will be a â€Å"One to Many† i.e. one Prospectus can have many Departments.  Maintenance Plan for Final Version  For a good and successful system to be of any use in the long run, it requires a product that is easily maintained so that its future is ensured. Systems once delivered and implemented, always need someone to ensure that the system meets the user requirements & thus kept updated regularly. A survey done by Lieutz and Swanson from the U.S. says that up to 48% of the total development time can be spent on maintenance. For the online prospectus the maintenance may include some of the following points: Keeping the system up-to-date and posting any changes to the courses, constant backing up of the system in case of viruses or damage to system, links and websites updated and changes to courses posted on website. Maintenance is not always easy and encounters many problems during its cycle. However it has additional problems, as often the people carrying out the maintenance activities are not always the same as those producing the original software.  Poor documentation can present major problems for maintenance teams for example; when systems underwent changes to avoid the so-called â€Å"Millennium bug† problem. Systems that had been used for many years required modifications but this took time due to the lack of documentation. (Above Source: Hellingsworth, Hall & Anderson, 2001) It may be important to have a system in place for documenting requests for any changes to the system and responses that would come from a â€Å"change request form† to the maintenance teams. These may include:  Enhancements; including description of new requirements in detail, regular updates to college & course details. Maintenance teams should be striving for a user interface. Problem & Error Reports; including a full description of problems with website from email discrepancies to broken links of the website. A record of these would be carefully documented and reviewed regularly at maintenance team meetings. User Feedback; includes a system for the maintenance team to give feedback to user on any problems or errors with links & for any enhancements made. Timescale should be included of when the errors will be fixed. Structured Maintenance Plan For the maintenance plan to be effective I will be using the following structured plan. Having a good & complete software engineering documentation for the project helps a great deal with this plan. Any amendments or changes to the system will be documented professionally and kept safe in order to have a successful future system. An external contracting maintenance team will be in charge of updating the system & making sure it runs smoothly. Many companies can be found that specialised in just maintenance of other company’s software, databases & even their websites. Bibliography & References Using The Harvard Referencing System as a guide, these are my points of reference and the textbooks that I used to complete the assignment.  B.HELLINGSWORTH, P.HALL & H.ANDERSON (2001), â€Å"Higher National Computing†, Newnes:  http://www.askmen.com